US immigration policy shifts: What finance students need to know #IndiaFinance

The U.S. has long been a favored destination for Indian students pursuing careers in finance, with the US CPA (Certified Public Accountant) certification serving as a key credential for aspirants looking to establish themselves in the industry. However, recent shifts in immigration policies have created an air of uncertainty, prompting concerns amongst finance professionals and students alike. As global economic trends fluctuate, the U.S. government continues to revise its policies to align with national interests, workforce demands, and security concerns. These evolving regulations can significantly impact international students, particularly those aiming for competitive certifications like the US CPA, which is often a gateway to lucrative opportunities in accounting and finance.

VISA CHALLENGES AND RESTRICTIONS

For Indian finance aspirants, obtaining a visa remains a crucial step in securing educational and career opportunities in the U.S. The H-1B visa, a primary work visa for foreign professionals, has faced increasing scrutiny, with stricter selection criteria and heightened rejection rates. Unlike STEM fields, where extended Optional Practical Training (OPT) durations provide a longer window to secure sponsorship, finance professionals unless enrolled in STEM-designated finance or analytics programs often face shorter work authorization periods, making it more challenging to transition to H-1B sponsorship.

The US CPA (Certified Public Accountant) certification significantly improves the chances of securing a US job and work visa. CPA-qualified professionals are in high demand in public accounting, taxation, and audit roles, making it easier to qualify for H-1B approval. Unlike general finance roles, CPA-certified positions explicitly require this credential, increasing their likelihood of being classified as speciality occupations under U.S. immigration laws. Many financial firms, particularly smaller or mid-sized companies, are also less willing to sponsor visas compared to large multinational corporations or tech firms that actively hire international talent. This limits the options available to finance aspirants, pushing them to seek alternative routes such as L-1 intra-company transfers or O-1 visas for individuals with extraordinary abilities.

THE IMPACT ON CMA AND CIA CERTIFICATIONS

The evolving U.S. immigration policies have a direct effect on finance and accounting students pursuing professional certifications like the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and Certified Internal Auditor (CIA). These globally recognized certifications are highly valued in the U.S. job market, and many Indian students seek employment opportunities in American firms after completing them. However, with changing visa regulations, students may face difficulties securing job roles that align with their qualifications. The restrictions on work visas could deter firms from hiring international candidates, making it essential for aspirants to plan strategically by targeting industries and companies that actively sponsor foreign talent.

In response to these challenges, some firms are adapting by offering remote work opportunities, allowing professionals to contribute from outside the U.S. while still being part of global finance teams. Additionally, multinational corporations and Big Four accounting firms (such as Deloitte, PwC, EY, and KPMG) are leveraging intra-company transfers (L-1 visas) and expanding their global mobility programs to retain skilled professionals. Some employers are also exploring alternative hiring pathways, such as hiring through international offices with the potential for future relocation to the U.S.

HOW FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING STUDENTS ARE AFFECTED

Finance and accounting students aspiring to work in the U.S. must navigate an increasingly complex immigration landscape. Limited work authorisation options may compel students to seek alternative career paths, such as remote or offshore roles, or explore job markets in other countries with more flexible immigration policies. Furthermore, firms in the U.S. may prioritise local hires due to sponsorship challenges, reducing opportunities for international candidates. These constraints make it critical for students to continuously upskill, build strong professional networks, and remain adaptable to market demands.

STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR INDIAN FINANCE ASPIRANTS

Despite the challenges, Indian finance aspirants can take proactive steps to navigate the shifting immigration landscape. Opting for universities with strong industry connections, such as the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, New York University’s Stern School of Business, or the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, can significantly enhance job prospects. These institutions have well-established networks with top financial firms, increasing the chances of securing internships and full-time roles.

Additionally, securing internships early such as at Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan, or BlackRock can provide a competitive edge. Networking with professionals through platforms like LinkedIn, CFA Society events, or alumni groups can also open doors to job opportunities. Staying updated on immigration policies, consulting legal experts, and exploring alternative pathways such as the O-1 visa for individuals with extraordinary abilities, can be beneficial.

While the U.S. remains a top destination for finance aspirants, evolving immigration policies create both challenges and opportunities. Leading universities like NYU Stern, Wharton, and Chicago Booth are expanding STEM-designated finance programs, offering extended OPT periods and stronger career support to improve job placement.

The Enrolled Agent (EA) certification is a valuable asset for those pursuing careers in U.S. taxation. Recognized by the IRS, it allows professionals to represent clients in tax matters, making them highly sought after by accounting firms and corporate finance teams. The high demand for tax professionals increases job prospects and visa sponsorship opportunities for EA holders.

Meanwhile, U.S. policymakers are pushing for visa reforms, including a higher H-1B cap, a streamlined Green Card process, and expanded O-1 visa eligibility. Financial hubs like New York and Chicago are also introducing business-friendly policies to attract international talent. By strategically planning their careers and obtaining certifications like the EA, finance professionals can enhance job security and successfully navigate the shifting U.S. immigration landscape.

CPA, CPA (CA)