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The survey has been conducted with nearly 800 farmers and 150 labourers in four Indian states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh).
Philanthropies and impact-first investors can play a crucial role in supporting India’s farmers as they adapt their livelihoods to climate change and boost their income, according to research undertaken by The Bridgespan Group and supported by HSBC India. The report titled “Building Climate Resilience and Prosperity: Six Bold Bets for Smallholder Farmers and Farm Workers” was released by Faiz Ahmed Kidwai, Additional Secretary, Dept. of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.
The research focuses on the needs of marginal farmers—smallholders and sharecroppers cultivating less than one hectare (2.47 acres)—and farm labourers. The bold bets were identified with the needs and preferences of these communities as a starting point and are supported with case studies and expected impact.
The survey has been conducted with nearly 800 farmers and 150 labourers in four Indian states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh) through in-depth interviews, and field visits. Women made up 40 per cent of survey respondents, and members of Adivasi and Dalit communities made up over half of the farmers and 70 percent of the farm labourers surveyed. The study also draws on conversations with more than 80 experts, leaders, and practitioners working on climate and agriculture issues, including investors, think tanks, government entities, and NGOs.
Six prime opportunities, referred as “bold bets” in the report—have the potential to build resilience for agrarian communities, according to the study. If fully leveraged, these investments could unlock Rs 3.49 lakh crore (nearly $45 billion) in adaptation finance.
These are:
- Support transition to natural farming practices
- Reducing chemical inputs can lower production costs per hectare, depending on crop type and usage.
- This approach also has climate benefits, since it conserves water and increases soil carbon storage, enhances soil fertility, water retention, and biodiversity.
- Provide low-collateral loans to farmer producer organisations (FPOs) for investment in water conservation and livestock-based livelihoods
- Water conservation measures ensure dependable irrigation and crop yield, leading to significant income growth.
- Livestock farming can enrich household nutrition and ameliorate health outcomes.
Overall, this would help FPOs develop water infrastructure (e.g., farm ponds, common wells, bunds) or invest in community animal-rearing infrastructure (e.g., shelters, feed storage).
Support FPO-run seed banks for climate-resilient crops
Allow farmers to adapt to climate hazards such as droughts and floods, thereby safeguarding their incomes and bolstering agricultural sustainability and food security.
- Leads to lower water consumption for irrigation which in the long run will help improve ground water levels.
- Support FPOs to enable farmers to bring high-margin crops to the market.
- Helps farmers diversify and undertake value-added activities such as processing, packaging, and marketing that can boost farmer incomes.
- Offer weather-indexed wage loss micro-insurance
- Provide immediate payouts to marginal farmers and agricultural labourers when specific weather conditions (e.g., temperature, rainfall) cause crop loss.
Lend to agricultural micro- and nano-enterprises
Provide farmers access to agricultural products (e.g., inputs, equipment, capital), generate employment opportunities for additional rural workers, and boost local economies.
Speaking at the programme, Faiz Ahmed Kidwai, Additional Secretary, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, said, “Our farmers are the biggest risk takers who are working tirelessly to ensure food and nutritional security for the nation. The government is working towards transforming the agricultural ecosystem that not only encourages the adoption of sustainable practices, but also enhances productivity and income for the farming households.”
Reiterating HSBC India’s commitment to climate innovation and nature-based solutions, Aloka Majumdar, MD, Global Head of Philanthropy & Head of Sustainability, HSBC India, said, “The objective of the Climate Equity Initiative is to influence innovations and investments for climate action. For this to be effective, it is important to incorporate the voice of the vulnerable communities, who are likely to be excluded from decisions that affect their lives. We hope that this report will drive collaborative work in ensuring sustainable development and preservation of our natural ecosystem.”
Anant Bhagwati, Bridgespan partner and co-author of the report, said, “Marginal farmers’ and farmworkers’ households are aware of the changing climate’s impact on their farming habits. Yet they have fragile finances, and social supports do not always reach them. Centering their voices, and the voices of other vulnerable communities that need tailored support, such as women, Dalit, and Adivasi farmers, is the surest form of adaptation there is.”